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Objective To observe the effect of kangnao liquid on the expressions of LC3 and Beclin 1 in hippocampus after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats, and to discuss the mechanism. Methods A total of 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham-operation group, model group, kangnao liqiud group [14.30 g/(kg·d)] and edaravone group [10.00 mg/(kg·d)], 12 rats in each group. The rats in kangnao liqiud group and edaravone group were administrated by intragastric administration. The rats in sham-operation group and model group were administrated with equal volume of normal saline. After treating for 7 days, except for the sham-operation group, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was made by suture method in the other three groups. After 2 h of ischemia, the rats were reperfused for 24 h. Six rats in each group were randomly selected for observing the neurological function. TTC staining was used to observe the morphology of the brain tissue and calculate the percentage of infarction. The morphology of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was observed by HE staining in the remaining animals, and the expressions of LC3 and Beclin 1 in the hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with the sham-operation group, model group showed an obvious neurological deficit, and the percentage of cerebral infarction increased significantly. At the same time, nerve cells of cerebral cortex and hippocampus revealed degeneration and necrosis, stroma edema, and the expressions of LC3 and Beclin 1 in hippocampus significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the neurological deficit symptoms and the percentage of cerebral infarction significantly reduced, changes of neuron morphology were lighter, and the expressions of LC3 and Beclin 1 decreased significantly in kangnao liqiud group and edaravone group (P<0.05).Conclusion Kangnao liquid shows protective effects on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, which may be related with the decreased expressions of LC3 and Beclin 1 in hippocampus after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the factors associated with lateral lymph node metastasis in middle and low rectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 203 patients with middle and low rectal cancer (within 10 cm from anal verge) undergoing lateral lymph node dissection in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University between June 2004 to June 2010, were analyzed retrospectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the associated factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total number of harvested lateral lymph node was 3349, and average number was 17 per case. The number of positive lateral lymph node was 221, and the lymph node metastasis ratio was 6.6%(221/3349). Univariate analysis showed that age, family history, tumor length, gross type of tumor, histological type, differentiation, depth of invasion, invasion of circumference, serum CEA, tumor thrombus and upper lymph node metastasis were associated with rectal cancer metastasis(P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that age, histological type, infiltration depth, gross type, differentiation degree and upper lymph node metastasis were the independent risk factors of the lateral lymph node metastasis in middle and low rectal cancer(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For patients who is young, or with poorly differentiated cancers, infiltrative type, T4 cancer, or those with upper lymph node metastasis, lateral lymph resection may be indicated because of high risk of lateral node metastasis.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Lymph Node Excision , Lymphatic Metastasis , Multivariate Analysis , Rectal Neoplasms , Pathology , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Background and purpose:It is difficult to diagnose gastric cancer at an early stage,thus the resectable probability of gastric cancer is low.This study was to explore the efficacy of neoajuvant chemotherapy in terms of resectablity for the patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Eighty-six patients with advanced gastric cancer were randomly divided into routine surgical operation group and neoajuvant chemotherapy+surgical operation group.The patients were examined by CT before surgery.The patients in neoajuvant chemotherapy+surgical operation group received two cycles of neoajuvant chemotherapy,and then were evaluated by CT.Results:In routine surgical operation group,the overall resectability rate was 83.7%(36/43),and the curative resection rate was 46.5%(20/43), 16.3%(7/43)was done by exp.lap.In neoajuvant chemotherapy+surgical operation group,the overall resectability rate was 93.0%(40/43),and the curative resection rate was 69.8%(30/43),only 7.0%(3/43)was exp.lap.No mortality was observed.There were no significant difference between both groups in terms of toxicities.Conclusions:The overall resectability rate and the curative resection rate are increased in patients with advanced gastric cancer aider neoajuvant chemotherapy.